While Xerox's historical leadership carries a lot of the blame, Icahn deserves the anger as this is his MO and Xerox not his first rodeo. He is known to be very short-term focused and has a reputation for leaving is prior 'investments ' as an empty shell with no effective business strategy beyond cutting costs and thus lacking the capital (R&D and production) and talent to be successful going forward.
Icahn uses cash, lawyers, and personality to bully his way into Board rooms and forces them to either give him what he wants or to give him enough cash to go away. He tends to target distressed companies that have a high cash flow and then pushes them to drastically slash costs, especially operational, R&D and human capital, so that the margins are quickly improved, which drives-up the share price.
The problem is that Icahn can’t get his money back from his investment in 2016 in the short-term. Xerox did not invest well in the print and copy market after buying ACS in 2009 and has fallen behind its rivals in a dying market. It is a dead duck as a stand-alone company and merging with Fuji, deal schematics aside, is likely it’s best chance for survival. But, that is a long-term investment and Icahn does not do long-term. So, he found a partner in Deason to execute a coup. This way, he can slash costs to temporarily prop-up the company’s share price and sell now. Unfortunately, these efforts may have been wasted as Xerox’s debt has been downgraded to junk status, which means a significant portion of the cash freed by his cost cutting will go to paying the interest on that debt instead of increasing the company’s margins.