Decades of complacency, safety, and ossification, acting like it's the 1960s and BNYM can just sit around, be the plumbing and custodians and collect fees.
The grasshoppers fiddled all day, thinking all was well, as the world left them behind. The inertia of incompetence.
Thick layers (11 layers seriously) of useless bureaucracy. Primitive process. Everyone knows it. A culture of unearned privilege and entitlement. Many supposed competencies that can be outsourced for cheaper, faster, and better.
Archaic technology. Failed initiatives. Lack of ownership. Finger pointing. Buck passing. Problems without solutions.
It's not even about the cost of the human resources particularly, but their sheer uselessness. So many people to do so little, who aren't the least bit interested in doing what they perceive isn't their job.
But a wealth of capital. A dedicated core. Superstars that make the rain. Hungry predators ready for change. It's good material for rebirth, the first iteration of many. You ain't seen nothing yet.