During Chambers time as CEO he set a clear vision for Cisco - “Change the way we work, live, learn and play”, along with his decision to be either number 1 or 2 in each product category Cisco sell.
He changed the way Cisco worked by buying other companies, paying those who know how to do actual development to leave and keeping the staff that can’t even bug fix the remains which is why they did quarterly layoffs for ages (in Chambers’ own words, the sign of failed leadership.) A far better goal would have ended with the words “for the better.”
As for being number one or two in the industry, it’s just one of the many things he blindly copied from Jack Welch of General Electric, another stock value leader that has faded into the background due to decades of poor leadership.
While we’re at it:
He bought Flip and passed on VMware.
VMware is software and Cisco can’t do software so Cisco would have destroyed it. Cisco, the company that took ages to develop the world’s trailing tablet that was advertised as having the game changing business application which was to display a white screen to act as a flashlight. Then there was the expensive home teleconferencing system with an additional $60/mo fee at a time when Cisco’s own employees were following the rest of the teenagers in refusing to use a phone to talk to each other, preferring text messaging. The low margin bits they eventually jettisoned before completely destroying them from Linksys to cable boxes and modems remain buggy junk to this day.