Your manager "harassed" you till you quit. Manager wins (he will get a bonus). You lose.
It is weird that the story ends with "I resigned in 3 weeks." A very long time ago when I was a kid with the magic "3-5 years experience" I left three weeks after a wage freeze was announced for a 37% greater salary and I made many more double digit percentage jumps as my career progressed, so my manager who stayed at that first company fell far behind.
No one ever teaches you in school what kind of work is out there and what its value is, and if you can get into leadership roles on key projects you can bulk skills in ways that most of your peers never will. Over time "good" with drive and opportunity is always going to be worth more than "great" that sits in the same place making the same mistakes.