There are reasons. Behind every layoff there is a business case that is written up and approved. Now, the reasons may not be reasons you agree with. But there are reasons, always.
Generally, the two primary reasons are:
-
Location strategy
-
Efficiency opportunities
Neither of those reasons require an evaluation of the overall performance of the employee. If you are remote (like I am) you are going to be out sooner rather than later. Doesn't matter what your rating is.
If an area has an efficiency number they need to hit they will come up with the criteria that is to be used to identify impacted employees. It CAN be performance based but it could include other factors that are more important in that exact situation. For example, if a team is shifting their work to India, a decision may be made to focus on retaining just one or two people who are believed to be the most effective people to handle the transition work, regardless of their annual ratings.
Other factors may be compensation related. If you have someone who can do 100% of a job but makes $150K and someone else that can do 90% of the job and makes $80K you may opt to retain the $80K employee even though their performance isn't as strong. Saving that $70K in salary could help keep another person around.